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September 5: Breakthroughs to Agriculture

12,000 years ago, a breakthrough in agriculture happened. This was the “Neolithic Stone age.”
This transformed human lives all throughout the world. Domestication was something that was something to be seen during this age. This age increased the population. “More food, more people.” The weather also helped more plants flourish, some which were domesticated and a main food source. A “Broad spectrum diet” also made its way into people's lives. The increase in population allowed humans of the time to experiment with the food supply. A number of animals and plants were domesticated, figs being the first to be domesticated, dating back to 9400 B.C.E. This age also brought the creation of innovative tools like axes and awls. During this age, the Americas lacked domesticated animals and solely depended on hunting and fishing for their protein. Although they lacked in this, they were the first ones to domesticate corn and maize in Southern Mexico.

Globalization of agriculture increased the human population. Size of communities started to grow. For example, before the Agricultural Revolution, the population was 6 million, but after was 50 million and 250 million by the beginning of the Common Era. This was where humans began to dominate.
As centuries went by, people of tribes were beginning to disappear and were becoming the last to their kind. An example is Ishi, the last member of his hunting group called the Yahi. As the California Gold Rush arrived, they were pushed to the edge of extinction, where they were massacred.
As more plants were becoming domesticated, wine and beer were soon being produced. Dating back to 5400 B.C.E in Iran and 4000 B.C.E in China. Apart from using domesticated animals for food, they were also used a lot for transportation and farming. Horses, which were domesticated by 4000 B.C.E made life easier for many.

As years went by, members of societies and tribes began to set up their own governing system. Those who knew special skills could get higher status. Others came to be politically organized as chiefdoms. The largest of these chiefdoms was the Cahokia, which flourished around 1100 C.E

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